| LEADER | DESCRIPTION | EXPLANATION |
| Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini | Iranian religious leader | Ayatollah Khomeini was born in Iraq. He played a key role in the Iranian Revolution. During his reign, the Iran-Iraq War took place. He died in Tehran, Iran. |
| Desmond Tutu | South African religious leader who won the 1984 Nobel Peace Prize | Desmond Tutu was a religious leader of South Africa. He worked to put an end to apartheid (racial segregation), for which he won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984. He was the first black Anglican archbishop of Cape Town. He headed the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. |
| Fidel Castro | President of Cuban Republic | Fidel Castro was born in Cuba. He improved the health facilities and the living conditions of the poor. He also promoted education. In 1961, he declared Cuba as a communist state. |
| Frederik Willem de Klerk | President of South Africa who won the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize, which he shared with Nelson Mandela | Frederik Willem de Klerk was born in Johannesburg. He succeeded P.W. Botha as the President of South Africa. He played a vital role in putting an end to apartheid in South Africa. He demanded the formulation of a new Constitution, which led to the formation of the first multiracial government in South Africa. In 1990, he released Nelson Mandela from prison. Later, in 1994, he became the Vice-President under Nelson Mandela's presidency. |
| Helmut Kohl | Chancellor of Germany | Helmut Kohl was the Chancellor of West Germany. Later, he became the Chancellor of re-unified Germany. In fact, after the fall of the Berlin Wall, he was the first Chancellor of a unified Germany. |
| Henry Kissinger | Foreign-Policy Advisor of United States of America | Henry Kissinger was born in Germany. He became a citizen of United States of America in 1943. Later, in 1968, he became the Foreign-Policy Advisor. He organized President Richard Nixon's visit to China in 1972. In 1973, he became the Secretary of State. Later, in the same year, he won the Nobel Peace Prize for ending the fighting with North Vietnam. |
| Jimmy Carter | thirty-ninth President of United States of America | Jimmy Carter was born in Georgia, United States of America. He was one of the three Presidents to receive the Nobel Peace Prize, which he won in 2002. |
| John F. Kennedy | thirty-fifth President of United States of America | John F. Kennedy was born in Massachusetts, United States of America. He was the President for exactly a thousand days. He was one of the most popular Presidents. He married Jacqueline Lee Bouvier. 'Profiles in Courage' was his famous piece of literature, for which he won the Pulitzer Prize. During his tenure, events like the Vietnam War, Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba, and the Cuban missile crisis were famous. These events aggravated the Cold War with the Soviet Union. He was assassinated in Dallas, Texas by Lee Harvey Oswald. |
| Leonid Ilich Brezhnev | President of Soviet Union who succeded Khrushchev as well as Head of Communist Party | Leonid Brezhnev was born in Ukraine. He also invaded Afghanistan. He was succeeded by Yuri Andropov. |
| Mao Tse-Tung | founder of People's Republic of China | Mao Tse-Tung was born in Hunan Province, China. He led the Communist Party to power after his victory in the Chinese Civil War. He built the Red Army. He played a key role in unifying China. His infamous 'Great Leap Forward' program was a great bane to the country and led to widespread starvation. He died in Beijing, China. He is worshipped in China till today. |
| Mikhail Gorbachev | President of Soviet Union who ended Cold War | Mikhail Gorbachev was born in Russia. He was the President of the Soviet Union. He was succeeded by Boris Yelstin. He introduced several socio-economic reforms. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1990 for his efforts to end the Cold War. |
| Nelson Mandela | President of South Africa who won the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize, which he shared with Frederik Willem de Klerk | Nelson Mandela was the first black President of South Africa. He was also the Deputy National President of the African National Congress (ANC). Later, in 1991, he was elected the President of the AFC. He worked to put an end to apartheid (racial segregation) in South Africa. Initially, he did this in a non-violent manner, but later he declared war on the Government, and so he was sentenced to life imprisonment in 1964. However, in 1990 President Frederik Willem de Klerk released him, after which he won the first multiracial elections in South Africa and became the President again. |
| Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev | leader of Soviet Union who succeeded Stalin | Nikita Khrushchev was born in Russia. He was the leader of Soviet Union. He suppressed the Hungarian Revolution. He established the space program to launch Sputnik I and Yuri Gagarin into space. He was removed from office after the Cuban missile crisis. He died in Moscow, Russia. |
| Ronald Reagan | fourtieth President of United States of America | Ronald Reagan was born in Illinois, United States of America. Before becoming the President, he was the Governor of California. He was also a popular Hollywood actor. He advocated Franklin D. Roosevelt's principles. He was a strong anti-communist. He reduced the taxes, consolidated the economy and strengthened the military. He also proposed the space-based defence system, popularly called 'Star Wars'. |
| Yasser Arafat | Chairman of Palestine Liberation Organization | Yasser Arafat was born in Cairo, Egypt. He was the leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). PLO gave up terrorism and signed a peace agreement (Oslo Peace Accord) with Israel. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1994 for his efforts. He was well-known for his efforts to maintain peace between Israel and Palestine. In 1996, he became the President of the Palestinian Authority. |
