| LEADER | DESCRIPTION | EXPLANATION |
| Adolf Hitler | German dictator | Adolf Hitler was born in Austria. He was the founder of Nazism. He killed himself in his Berlin mansion in 1945 to avoid being captured by the Russians. He was responsible for the World War II, because he invaded Poland. He believed that the Germans belonged to the superior Aryan race, and were meant to rule the world. He was defeated at the Battle of Stalingrad. Later, he married Eva Braun. |
| Austen Chamberlain | British politician who was Secretary of State for India | Sir Austen Chamberlain was born in England. He made vital contributions to world peace. He opposed the League of Nations' Geneva Protocol in 1924. He accurately predicted that Adolf Hitler would be the greatest threat to world peace. He played a key role in the formulation of the Locarno Pact. In 1925, he won the Nobel Peace Prize for his role in the Locarno Pact. He became the Secretary of State for India in 1915. In 1924, he became the Secretary of State for foreign affairs. He became the leader of the Conservative Party in 1921. Later, he was conferred knighthood. He died of apoplexy in England. |
| Benito Mussolini | Italian dictator | Benito Mussolini was a very famous Italian dictator. He was the founder of fascism. He replaced the parliamentary system with absolute dictatorship. He advocated 'terrorism'. He was defeated in World War II, after which he was captured and killed by anti-fascists. He launched a newspaper called 'The Italian People'. He glorified war, and also joined hands with Adolf Hitler, the German dictator, to form an alliance called the 'Axis Powers'. |
| Charles de Gaulle | French general | Charles de Gaulle was born in Lille, France. He was a famous French General. He was the leader of the Free French Forces during World War II. He was the first President of the Fifth French Republic. He launched several policies to improve the French economy after the war. He also demanded the formulation of a new Constitution. |
| Dwight D. Eisenhower | thirty-fourth President of United States of America | Dwight D. Eisenhower was born in Texas, United States of America. He adopted the policy of 'desegregation' in schools, for allowing the admission of black students. He also passed the 'Interstate Highway Act'. He alloted very low finances for the military. He put an end to the Korean war by signing agreements with Korea and China. He was nicknamed 'Ike'. He was also a General of the United States Army. He died in Washington D.C. |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | thirty-second President of United States of America | Franklin D. Roosevelt was born in New York, United States of America. He was the only President to be elected four times. This even led to a change in the Constitution limiting a President to a maximum term of 10 years. He balanced the nation's economy during the 'Great Depression' financial crisis after World War I. He established the 'Social Security' system, which provided support to elderly citizens and those who have low earnings. His well-known 'State of the Union Address' is also called the 'Four Freeedoms Speech'. During his tenure, the Japanese attacked the famous Pearl Harbor. He died in Georgia. |
| Joseph Stalin | Russian leader who defeated Hitler | Joseph Stalin succeeded Vladimir Lenin as the leader of Soviet Union. He defeated Adolf Hitler, the German dictator. He was well-known as a terrifying dictator. His famous 'Five-Year Plan' improved the financial condition of the nation. He died of cerebral haemorrhage in Moscow, Russia. |
| Kemal Atatürk | President of Republic of Turkey | Kemal Atatürk was born in Greece. He was the founder as well as the first President of Republic of Turkey. He formed the Turkish Nationalist Republican Party. Later, he established several reforms to improve the condition of the country. He overthrew the Ottoman Turks. He also defeated the Greeks. He replaced the Law of Islam with the Swiss Civil Code. He simplified the Turkish script, which helped to increase literacy. He died in Istanbul, Turkey. |
| Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Mahatma Gandhi) | Indian freedom-fighter | Mahatma Gandhi was born in India. He was an extremely famous and prominent figure in the Indian freedom struggle. His well-known principles of satyagraha (truth) and ahimsa(non-violence) have influenced great leaders like Nelson Mandela and Martin Luther King. He always supported Hindu-Muslim unity. He led the Dandi March in 1930. Later, in 1942, he started the Quit India Movement, for which he was imprisoned for 2 years. He was assassinated by Nathuram Godse, who was a Hindu fanatic angry about his concern for the Muslims. |
| Sir Winston Churchill | Prime Minister of Great Britain | Sir Winston Churchill was born in Oxfordshire, England. He succeeded Neville Chamberlain as the Prime Minister. He was a prolific writer and he won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1953. He was also conferred knighthood in 1953. He was the Prime Minister of Great Britain during World War II, and he served for two terms. He took an aggresive stand against Adolf Hitler, the German dictator. He opposed the Indian freedom struggle. He predicted that the Soviet Union would be a great threat to Great Britain. He died in London, England. |
| Theodore Roosevelt | twenty-sixth President of United States of America | Theodore Roosevelt was born in New York, United States of America. He was the first 'conservation' President. He established the United States Forest Service. He was nicknamed 'Teddy'. During a hunting trip, he refused to kill a bear cub. Later, toy manufacturers named 'Teddy Bears' in his honour. He served as the President for two consecutive terms. In 1906, he won the Nobel Peace Prize for the Russo-Japanese peace treaty. He died in New York. |
| Vladimir Ilyich Lenin | Russian leader who founded Bolshevism | Vladimir Lenin was born in Russia. He played a very vital role in the Russian Revolution. He was exiled to Siberia in 1895. He died in Russia. He was succeeded by Joseph Stalin. |
