Arithmetic : Properties of Integers and Numbers

Basic Operations

The four basic operations are addition (+), subtraction (−), multiplicaton (×) and division (÷).
All four operations are binary operations, i.e., operations are performed with two numbers at a time to get a unique result.
The result of addition is called the sum, the result of subtraction is called the difference, the result of multiplication is called the product, and the result of division is called the quotient.
Subtraction is the inverse of addition, and division is the inverse of multiplication.

The operations of addition, subtraction and multiplication on integers are said to be closed because the result of each operation is also an integer.
For example, 5 + 8 = 13, 5 − 8 = −3, and 5 × 8 = 40.

The operation of division on integers is not closed because the result is not necessarily an integer.
For example, 5 ÷ 8 = 5/8 = 0.625 (which is not an integer).