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Part A Answer all questions in this part. Directions (1-35): For each statement or question, identify the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the Earth Science Reference Tables.
1. The best evidence that Earth spins on its axis is the motion of
(1) tectonic plates
(2) Polaris
(3) a wind vane
(4) a Foucault pendulum
Answer: 4
2. When viewed from Earth, the light from very distant galaxies shows a red shift. This is evidence that these distant galaxies are
(1) revolving around the Sun
(2) revolving around the Milky Way
(3) moving away from Earth
(4) moving toward Earth
Answer: 3
3. The arrows on the cross section below show the prevailing wind that flows over a mountain. Points A and B represent locations on opposite sides of the mountain.
Which statement correctly describes the differences in the climates of locations A and B?
(1) Location A is warmer and drier than location B.
(2) Location A is cooler and wetter than location B.
(3) Location B is warmer and wetter than location A.
(4) Location B is cooler and drier than location A.
Answer: 2
4. The average temperature at Earthâs equator is higher than the average temperature at Earthâs South Pole because the South Pole
(1) receives less intense insolation
(2) receives more infrared radiation
(3) has less land area
(4) has more cloud cover
Answer: 1
5. Which statement best summarizes the general effects of ocean currents at 20° S latitude on coastal regions of South America?
(1) The east coast and west coast are both warmed.
(2) The east coast and west coast are both cooled.
(3) The east coast is warmed and the west coast is cooled.
(4) The east coast is cooled and the west coast is warmed.
Answer: 3
6. Which type of electromagnetic energy has the longest wavelength?
(1) infrared radiation
(2) radio wave radiation
(3) ultraviolet radiation
(4) x-ray radiation
Answer: 2
7. Under which atmospheric conditions will water most likely evaporate at the fastest rate?
(1) hot, humid, and calm
(2) hot, dry, and windy
(3) cold, humid, and windy
(4) cold, dry, and calm
Answer: 2
8. Which temperature zone of Earthâs atmosphere contains the most water vapor?
(1) mesosphere
(2) stratosphere Â
(3) thermosphere
(4) troposphere
Answer: 4
9. The diagram below shows the result of leaving an empty, dry clay flowerpot in a full container of water for a period of time. The water level in the container dropped to level A. The top of the wet area moved to level B.
Level B is higher than level A because water
(1) is less dense than the clay pot
(2) is more dense than the clay pot
(3) traveled upward in the clay pot by capillary action
(4) traveled downward in the clay pot by capillary action
Answer: 3
10. Which weather condition most directly determines wind speeds at Earthâs surface?
(1) visibility changes
(2) amount of cloud cover
(3) air-pressure gradient
(4) dewpoint differences
Answer: 3
11. Which statement best explains why an increase in the relative humidity of a parcel of air generally increases the chance of precipitation?
(1) The dewpoint is farther from the condensation point, causing rain.
(2) The air temperature is closer to the dewpoint, making cloud formation more likely.
(3) The amount of moisture in the air is greater, making the air heavier.
(4) The specific heat of the moist air is greater than the drier air, releasing energy.
Answer: 2
12. The two elements that make up the largest percentage by mass of Earthâs crust are oxygen and
(1) silicon
(2) potassiumÂ
(3) hydrogen
(4) nitrogen
Answer: 1
13. The weather instrument below can be used to determine relative humidity.
Based on the temperatures shown, the relative humidity is
(1) 19%
(2) 2%Â
(3) 33%
(4) 40%
Answer: 3
14. Which two minerals have cleavage planes at right angles?
(1) biotite mica and muscovite mica
(2) sulfur and amphibole
(3) quartz and calcite
(4) halite and pyroxene
Answer: 4
15. Which property would best distinguish sediment deposited by a river from sediment deposited by a glacier?
(1) mineral composition of the sediment
(2) amount of sediment sorting
(3) thickness of sediment layers
(4) age of fossils found in the sediment
Answer: 2
16. Salt deposits are found in the surface bedrock near which New York State location?
(1) Oswego
(2) Syracuse
(3) Old Forge
(4) Albany
Answer: 2
17. The photograph below shows a sand dune that formed in a coastal area.
This sand dune was most likely formed by
(1) water flowing from the left
(2) water flowing from the right
(3) wind blowing from the left
(4) wind blowing from the right
Answer: 4
18. What is the origin of fine-grained igneous rock?
(1) lava that cooled slowly on Earthâs surface
(2) lava that cooled quickly on Earthâs surface
(3) silt that settled slowly in ocean water
(4) silt that settled quickly in ocean water
Answer: 2
19. Why does the oceanic crust sink beneath the continental crust at a subduction boundary?
(1) The oceanic crust has a greater density.
(2) The oceanic crust is pulled downward by Earthâs magnetic field.
(3) The continental crust has a more mafic composition.
(4) The continental crust is pulled upward by the Moonâs gravity.
Answer: 1
20. Based on fossil evidence, most scientists infer that
(1) life has not changed significantly throughout Earthâs history
(2) life has evolved from complex to simple forms
(3) many organisms that lived on Earth have become extinct
(4)Â mammals developed early in the Precambrian time period
Answer: 3
21. The block diagram below shows a displacement of rock layers.
Which process describes the downward sliding of the rock material?
(1) tidal changes
(2) glacial erosionÂ
(3) mass movement
(4) lava flow
Answer: 3
22. The presence of which index fossil in the surface bedrock most likely indicates that a forest environment once existed in the region?
(1) Aneurophyton
(2) Cystiphyllum
(3) Centroceras
(4) Bothriolepis
Answer: 1
23. Which two types of rock are most commonly found as outcrops in New York Stateâs Newark Lowlands landscape region?
(1) rock salt and gypsum
(2) limestone and granite
(3) gneiss and quartzite
(4) conglomerate and sandstone
Answer: 4
24. Which processes most likely formed the shale bedrock found near Ithaca, New York?
(1) uplift and solidification
(2) burial and compaction
(3) heat and pressure
(4) melting and recrystallization
Answer: 2
25. The symbols below are used to represent different regions of space.
Which diagram shows the correct relationship between these four regions? [If one symbol is within another symbol, that means it is part of, or included in, that symbol.]
Answer: 1
26. A student in New York State looked toward the eastern horizon to observe sunrise at three different times during the year. The student drew the following diagram that shows the positions of sunrise, A, B, and C, during this one-year period.
Which list correctly pairs the location of sunrise to the time of the year?
(1) A - June 21
B - March 21
C - December 21
(2) A - December 21
B - March 21
C - June 21
(3) A - March 21
B - June 21
C - December 21
(4) A - June 21
B - December 21
C - March 21
Answer: 1
27. Which graph best represents the average monthly temperatures for one year at a location in the Southern Hemisphere?
Answer: 3
28. The diagram below shows four surfaces of equal area that absorb insolation.
Which letter represents the surface that most likely absorbs the greatest amount of insolation?
(1) A
(2) BÂ
(3) C
(4) D
Answer: 4
29. Which station model shows the correct form for indicating a northwest wind at 25 knots and an air pressure of 1023.7 mb?
Answer: 2
30. The data table below shows the mass and volume of three samples of the same mineral. [The density column is provided for student use.]
Which graph best represents the relationship between the density and the volume of these mineral samples?
Answer: 4
| Base your answers to questions 31 and 32 on the map below, which shows the risk of damage from seismic activity in the United States. |
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31. In the United States, most of the major damage expected from a future earthquake is predicted to occur near a
(1) divergent plate boundary, only
(2) convergent plate boundary, only
(3) mid-ocean ridge and a divergent plate boundary
(4) transform plate boundary and a hot spot
Answer: 4
32. Which New York State location has the greatest risk of earthquake damage?
(1) Binghamton
(2) BuffaloÂ
(3) Plattsburgh
(4) Elmira
Answer: 3
| Base your answers to questions 33 and 34 on the geologic cross section below. Location A is within the metamorphic rock. |
33. The metamorphic rock at location A is most likely
(1) marble
(2) quartziteÂ
(3) phyllite
(4) slate
Answer: 2
34. Which rock is the youngest?
(1) shale
(2) sandstone
(3) igneous rock
(4) rock at location A
Answer: 1
35. Which pie graph best represents the percentage of total time for the four major divisions of geologic time?
Answer: 3
Part B-1 Answer all questions in this part. Directions (36-50): For each statement or question, identify the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the Earth Science Reference Tables. | Base your answers to questions 36 through 38 on the world map below. Letters A through D represent locations on Earth's surface |
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36. At which location could an observer not see Polaris in the night sky at any time during the year?
(1) A
(2) BÂ
(3) CÂ
(4) D
Answer: 2
37. Which location receives 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness on June 21?
(1) A
(2) B
(3) C
(4) D
Answer: 3
38. At which location on December 21 is the Sun directly overhead at solar noon?
(1) A
(2) BÂ
(3) CÂ
(4) D
Answer: 2
| Base your answers to questions 39 through 42 on the table below, which shows eight inferred stages describing the formation of the universe from its beginning to the present time. |
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39. How soon did protons and neutrons form after the beginning of the universe?
(1) 10â43 second
(2) 10â32 second
(3) 10â6 second
(4) 13.7 billion years
Answer: 3
40. What is the most appropriate title for this table?
(1) The Big Bang Theory
(2) The Theory of Plate Tectonics
(3) The Law of Superposition
(4) The Laws of Planetary Motion
Answer: 1
41. According to this table, the average temperature of the universe since stage 3 has
(1) decreased, only
(2) increased, only Â
(3) remained the same
(4) increased, then decreased
Answer: 1
42. Between which two stages did our solar system form?
(1) 1 and 3
(2) 3 and 5
(3)Â 6 and 7
(4) 7 and 8
Answer: 4
| Base your answers to questions 43 and 44 on the map below, which shows Earthâs Southern Hemisphere and the inferred tectonic movement of the continent of Australia over geologic time. The arrows between the dots show the relative movement of the center of the continent of Australia. The parallels of latitude from 0° to 90° south are labeled. |
43. The geographic position of Australia on Earthâs surface has been changing mainly because
(1) the gravitational force of the Moon has been pulling on Earthâs landmasses
(2) heat energy has been creating convection currents in Earthâs interior
(3) Earthâs rotation has spun Australia into different locations
(4) the tilt of Earthâs axis has changed several times
Answer: 2
44. During which geologic time interval did Australia most likely have a warm, tropical climate because of its location?
(1) Cambrian
(2) Carboniferous
(3) Late Permian
(4) Eocene
Answer: 1
| Base your answers to questions 45 through 47 on the map below, which shows Earthâs planetary wind belts. |
45. The curving of these planetary winds is the result of
(1) Earthâs rotation on its axis
(2) the unequal heating of Earthâs atmosphere
(3) the unequal heating of Earthâs surface
(4) Earthâs gravitational pull on the Moon
Answer: 1
46. Which wind belt has the greatest effect on the climate of New York State?
(1) prevailing northwesterlies
(2) prevailing southwesterlies
(3)Â northeast trades
(4) southeast trades
Answer: 2
47. Which climatic conditions exist where the trade winds converge?
(1) cool and wet
(2) cool and dry
(3)Â warm and wet
(4) warm and dry
Answer: 3
| Base your answers to questions 48 through 50 on the diagram below, which shows a model used to investigate the erosional-depositional system of a stream. The model was tilted to create a gentle slope, and a hose supplied water to form the meandering stream shown. |
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48. Which diagram best represents where erosion, E , and deposition, D, are most likely occurring along the curves of the meandering stream?
Answer: 1
49. Which diagram best represents the arrangement of large, L, and small, S, sediment deposited as the stream enters the water basin?
Answer: 3
50. How can the model be changed to increase the amount of sediment transported by the stream?
(1) decrease the temperature of the sediment
(2) decrease the slope
(3) increase the size of the sediment
(4) increase the rate of the water flow
Answer: 4
Part B-2 Answer all questions in this part. Directions (51-64): Record your answers in the spaces provided below. Some questions may require the use of the Earth Science Reference Tables. | Base your answers to questions 51 through 53 on the weather map below. The weather map shows a lowpressure system in New York State during July. The L represents the center of the low-pressure system. Two fronts extend from the center of the low Line XY on the map is a reference line. |
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51. The cross section below shows a side view of the area along line XY on the map. On lines 1 and 2 in the cross section, place the appropriate two-letter air-mass symbols to identity the most likely type of air mass at each of these locations. [1]
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit if both air masses are correct as shown below. Allow credit for either upper or lowercase letters.
(1) cP
(2) mT
Note: Do not allow credit it the letters are reversed, such as, Tm.
52. The forecast for one city located on the map is given below:
âIn the next hour, skies will become cloud covered. Heavy rains are expected with possible lightning and thunder. Temperatures will become much cooler.â
State the name of the city for which this forecast was given. [1]
_______
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit for Binghamton.
53. Identify one action that people should take to protect themselves from lightning. [1]
_______
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to:
- Move indoors.
- Do not use electrical equipment or telephones.
- Do not stand under tall objects.
| Base your answers to questions 54 through 57 on the diagrams below, which represent two bedrock outcrops, I and II, found several kilometers apart in New York State. Rock layers are lettered A through F. Drawings represent specific index fossils. |
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54. During which geologic time period was rock layer C deposited? [1]
_______ Period
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit for Cambrian Period.
55. Identity two processes that produced the unconformity in outcrop I. [1]
(1) _______
(2) _______
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit if both processes are correct. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to:
- uplift
- erosion
- weathering
- subsidence
- deposition
- burial
56. Describe one characteristic a fossil must have in order to be considered a good index fossil. [1]
_______
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to:
- widespread geographic distribution
- short existence in geologic time
57. Explain why carbon-14 can not be used to find the geologic age of these index fossils. [1]
_______
_______
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to:
- Carbon-14âs half-lite is too short.
- Not enough carbon-14 is left to measure.
- The fossils are too old.
| Base your answers to questions 58 through 61 on the cross section and block diagram below. The cross section shows an enlarged view of the stream shown in the block diagram. The sediments in the cross section are drawn to actual size. Arrows show the movement of particles in the stream. The block diagram represents a region of Earthâs surface and the bedrock beneath the region. |
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58. After measuring the actual size, identify the name of the largest particle shown on the stream bottom in the cross section. [1]
_______
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit for pebble.
59. What process is responsible for producing the rounded shape of the particles shown on the stream bottom in the cross section? [1]
_______
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to:
- abrasion
- weathering
- erosion
- Particles were worn down as they were scraped along the bedrock.
60. Identify the type of rock shown in the block diagram that appears to be the most easily eroded. [1]
_______
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit for shale.
61. How does the shape of a valley eroded by a glacier differ from the shape of the valley shown in the block diagram? [1]
_______
_______
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to:
- A glacier forms a U-shaped valley.
- Glaciers form U-shaped valleys and streams form V-shaped valleys.
| Base your answers to questions 62 through 64 on the photograph of a sample of gneiss below |
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62. What observable characteristic could be used to identify this rock sample as gneiss? [1]
_______
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are limited to:
- It shows banding.
- The rock is foliated.
- The minerals are segregated into layers.
- distortion
63. Identify two minerals found in gneiss that contain iron and magnesium. [1]
_______ and _______
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit for any two of the three responses be1ow.
- pyroxene (augite)
- mica (biotite)
- amphibole (hornblende)
Note: Do not allow credit for muscovite mica.
64. A dark-red mineral with a glassy luster was also observed in this gneiss sample. Identify the mineral and state one possible use for this mineral. [1]
Mineral: _______
Use: _______
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit for garnet and one acceptable use. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to:
- jewelry
- abrasives
Part C Answer all questions in this part. Directions (65-82): Record your answers in the spaces provided below. Some questions may require the use of the Earth Science Reference Tables. | Base your answers to questions 65 through 69 on the data table below, which shows the percentage of the lighted side of the Moon visible from Earth for the first fourteen days of July 2003. |
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65. On what July date listed in the table did the Moon appear as shown below? [1]
July _______
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit for July 7 or July 8.
66. What motion of the Moon causes the percentage of the lighted side of the Moon visible from Earth to change from July 1 to July 14? [1]
_______
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to:
- the Moonâs revolution
- The Moon orbits Earth.
67. A full Moon phase was observed on July 14. On what day in August was the next full Moon phase observed? [1]
August _______
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit for August 12 or 13 or 14.
68. The diagram below shows the orbit of the Moon around Earth. Place an X on the orbit to show where the Moon was in its orbit on July 14, 2003. [1]
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit if the center of the students X is placed within the brackets shown. 
69. Why are the phases of the Moon considered to be cyclic? [1]
_______
_______
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to:
- The Moon phases repeat in a definite pattern.
- The visible part of the Moon increases and decreases repeatedly.
| Base your answers to questions 70 through 73 on the topographic map shown below Letters A, B, C, D, and E represent locations on Earthâs surface. Letters K, L, M, and N are locations along Copper Creek. Elevations are measured in meters. |
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70. What is the elevation of location A? [1]
_______ m
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit for 10 m.
71. Calculate the gradient between points B and C and label your answer with the correct units. [2]
Gradient = _______
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[2] Allow a maximum of 2 credits, allocated as follows:
⢠Allow 1 credit for any value from 18.9 to 21.1.
⢠Allow 1 credit for the correct units. Acceptable units include, but are not limited to:
- m/km
- meters/km
- m/kilometer
72. On the grid below, construct a topographic profile along line DE by plotting an X for the elevation of each contour line that crosses line DE. Connect the Xs with a smooth, curved line to complete the profile. [2]
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[2] Allow a maximum of 2 credits, allocated as follows: ⢠Allow 2 credits if the centers of five or six Xs are located within the circles shown on the profile and are correctly connected with a line that passes within the circles. The line must have the lowest elevation between 10 and 20 meters. ⢠Allow 1 credit if the centers of five or six Xs are located within the circles shown on the profile but the line is not correctly drawn or is missing. 
73. Explain how the map indicates that Copper Creek flows faster between points N and M than between points L and K. [1]
_______
_______
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to:
- Contour lines between N and M are closer together.
- There is a steeper slope between N and M.
- Where contour lines are far apart, there is a gentle slope and the stream velocity is less.
| Base your answers to questions 74 through 76 on the example of a seismogram and set of instructions for determining the Richter magnitude of an earthquake below. The example shows the Richter magnitude of an earthquake 210 kilometers from a seismic station. |
Instructions for determining Richter magnitude:
⢠Determine the distance to the epicenter of the earthquake. (The distance in the example is 210 kilometers.)
⢠Measure the maximum wave height of the S-wave recorded on the seismogram. (The height in the example is 23 millimeters.)
⢠Place a straightedge between the distance to the epicenter (210 kilometers) and the height of the largest S-wave (23 millimeters) on the appropriate scales. Draw a line connecting these two points. The magnitude of the earthquake is determined by where the line intersects the Richter magnitude scale. (The magnitude of this example is 5.0.)
74. Using the set of instructions on page 22 and the seismogram and scales below, determine the Richter magnitude of an earthquake that was located 500 kilometers from this seismic station. Record your answer in your answer booklet. [1]
Magnitude: _______
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit for a response from 6.0 to 6.2.
75. Identify the information shown on the seismogram that was used to determine that the distance to the epicenter was 500 kilometers. [1]
_______
_______
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to:
- the lag time between the P-wave arrival and the S-wave arrival
- the difference in arrival time for the P-wave and S-wave
- the P-wave and S-wave arrival times
- 61 seconds
76. How long did it take the first S-wave to travel 500 kilometers to reach this seismic station? [1]
_______ minutes _______seconds
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit for any answer from 2 minutes 0 seconds to 2 minutes 20 seconds.
| Base your answers to questions 77 through 81 on the passage below and on the map in your answer booklet. The passage describes the Gakkel Ridge found at the bottom of the Arctic Ocean. The map shows the location of the Gakkel Ridge. |
The Gakkel Ridge
In the summer of 2001, scientists aboard the U.S. Coast Guard icebreaker Healy visited one of the least explored places on Earth. The scientists studied the 1800-kilometer-long Gakkel Ridge at the bottom of the Arctic Ocean near the North Pole. The Gakkel Ridge is a section of the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge and extends from the northern end of Greenland across the Arctic Ocean floor toward Russia. At a depth of about 5 kilometers below the ocean surface, the Gakkel Ridge is one of the deepest mid-ocean ridges in the world. The ridge is believed to extend down to Earthâs mantle, and the new seafloor being formed at the ridge is most likely composed of huge slabs of mantle rock. Bedrock samples taken from the seafloor at the ridge were determined to be the igneous rock peridotite.
The Gakkel Ridge is also the slowest moving mid-ocean ridge. Some ridge systems, like the East Pacific Ridge, are rifting at a rate of about 20 centimeters per year. The Gakkel Ridge is rifting at an average rate of less than 1 centimeter per year. This slow rate of movement means that there is less volcanic activity along the Gakkel Ridge than along other ridge systems. However, heat from the underground magma slowly seeps up through cracks in the rocks of the ridge at structures scientists call hydrothermal (hot water) vents. During the 2001 cruise, a major hydrothermal vent was discovered at 87° N latitude 45° E longitude.
77. On the map below, place an X on the location of the major hydrothermal vent described in the passage. [1]
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit if the center of the X falls within the circle shown. 
78. Describe the relative motion of the two tectonic plates on either side of the Gakkel Ridge. [1]
_______
_______
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to:
- The plates are moving apart or spreading.
- The tectonic plates are moving away from each other.
- The ridge is a diverging plate boundary.
- rifting
79. The Gakkel Ridge is a boundary between which two tectonic plates? [1]
_______ Plate and _______ Plate
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit for both North American Plate and Eurasian Plate.
80. Identify one feature, other than hydrothermal vents, often found at mid-ocean ridges like the Gakkel Ridge that indicates heat from Earthâs interior is escaping. [1]
_______
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to:
- magma/lava
- volcanoes
- smoker vents
81. State the two minerals that were most likely found in the igneous bedrock samples collected at the Gakkel Ridge. [1]
_______ and _______
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[1] Allow 1 credit for both pyroxene (augite) and olivine.
82. The diagram below shows a view of the ground from directly above a flagpole in New York State at solar noon on a particular day of the year. The flagpoles shadow at solar noon is shown. Draw the position and relative length of the shadow that would be cast by this flagpole three hours later. [2]
Answer: MODEL ANSWER GIVEN BELOW[2] Allow a maximum of 2 credits, allocated as follows: ⢠Allow 1 credit if the shadow three hours later is drawn within the dashed lines shown below. ⢠Allow 1 credit if the length of the shadow after three hours is longer than the solar noon shadow. Allow this credit even if the direction of the shadow is incorrectly drawn. 
Try the Quiz : Earth Science - New York Regents June 2007 Exam
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